Analogue Universal Testing Machine - Model : UTN

Application :
'FIE' Analogue Universal Testing Machine is designed for testing Ferrous & Non-Ferrous materials under tension, compression bending, transverse and shear loads. Hardness test on metals can also conducted.

Straining unit :
This consists of a hydraulic cy/linder, motor with chain and sprocket drive and a table coupled with the ram of the hydraulic cylinder, mounted on to a robust base. The cylinder and the ram are individually lapped to eliminate friction. The upper cross-head is rigidly fixed to the lower table by two strengthened columns. The lower cross-head is connected to two screwed columns which are driven by a motor. Axial loading of the ram is ensured by relieving the cylinder and ram of any possible side loading by the provision of ball seating. An displacement scale, with a minimum graduation of 1mm, is provided to measure the deformation of the specimen. Tension test is conducted by gripping the test specimen between the upper and lower cross-heads. Compression, transverse, bending, shear and hardness tests are conducted between the lower cross-head and the lower table. The lower cross-head can be raised or lowered rapidly by operating the screwed columns, thus facilitating ease of fixing of the test specimen.

Control Panel:
The Control Panel consists of a power pack complete with drive motor and an oil tank, control valves, load indicator system & autographic recorder.

Power Pack:
The power pack generates the maximum pressure of 200 kgf/cm2. The hydraulic pump provides continuously nonpulsating oil flow. Hence the load application is very smooth.

Hydraulic Controls:
Hand operated wheels are used to control the flow to and from the hydraulic cylinder. The regulation of the oil flow is infinitely variable. Incorporated in the hydraulic system is a regulating valve, which maintains a practically constant rate of piston movement. Control by this valve allows mechanical extensometer reading to be taken. Principle of operation for-

Model: UTN
Operation of machine is by hydraulic transmission of load from the test specimen to a separately housed load indicator. The hydraulic system is ideal since it replaces transmission of load through levers and knife edges, which are prone to wear and damage due to shock on rupture of test pieces. Load is applied by a hydraulically lubricated ram. Main cylinder pressure is transmitted to the cylinder of the pendulum dynamometer system housed in the control panel. The cylinder of the dynamometer is also of self-lubricating design. The load transmitted to the cylinder of the dynamometer is transferred through a lever system to a pendulum. Displacement of the pendulum actuates the rack and pinion mechanism which operates the load indicator pointer and the autographic recorder. The deflection of the pendulum represents the absolute load applied on the test specimen. Return movement of the pendulum is effectively damped to absorb energy in the event of sudden breakage of a specimen.

Load indicator System :
This system consists of a large dial and a pointer. A dummy pointer is provided to register the maximum load reached during the test. Different measuring ranges can be selected by operating the range selection knob. An overload trip switch is incorporated which, automatically cuts out the pump motor when the load range in use is exceeded.

Displacement:
An elongation scale, with a minimum graduation of 1mm, is provided to measure the deformation of the specimen.

Pendulum Dynamometer:
This unit permits selection of favorable hydraulic ratios producing relatively small frictional forces. Pressurized oil in the loading cylinder pushes up the measuring piston proportionately and actuates the special dynamometer system. The piston is constantly rotated to eliminate friction. The dynamometer system is also provided with an integral damper and ensures high reliability of operation. The load transmitted to the dynamometer is transferred through a pendulum to the load indicator.